"What Is E Commerce "

“E-commerce, also known as e-commerce or internet trade, refers to the purchase and sale of goods or services using the internet, as well as the transfer of money and data to carry out these operations.”

Electronic commerce is a phenomenon that is gaining popularity in companies, like other papers related to e-commerce, this paper aimed to shed light on the adoption of e-commerce, developments, and issues that promote and impede its effectiveness through a comprehensive review of related literature. It is observed that there has been a growing trend in the adoption of e-commerce globally even to the least developed countries, which is motivated by businesses taking advantage of e-commerce, such as expanding business opportunities, enterprises enjoying cost-effectiveness with wider coverage and increased customer services. Strong e-commerce adoption and implementation issues are highlighted such as inadequate e-commerce supporting infrastructures such as reliable Internet access, weak transport and the existence of socio-regulatory barriers as well as logistics networks. Furthermore, it was recommended for better improvement of affordable and reliable e-commerce Internet facilities is vital for example the speed, the cost of accessing the Internet, also the fair level of e-readiness at all levels of business is essential for its performance, formulation of government policies that catalyze improvement of e-commerce efficiency is equally vital.

Electronic Commerce (e-commerce) is characterized as the conduct of trade in goods and services, with the aid of telecommunications and resources centered on telecommunications such as the Internet.E-commerce is often used in a much broader sense, meaning the same as "electronic business" (e-business), but the fact is that e-commerce is a sub-component of e-business. Where e-business refers to Internet-based and online-based business operations, this involves, for example, the purchase and sale of digital cash items through Electronic Data Interchange.

The term Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) was originally designed to describe the process of conducting business transactions electronically using technology. Such innovations, which first emerged in the late 1970s, allowed information exchange and execution of electronic business transactions, typically in the form of electronic purchase orders and invoices. EDI and EFT enabled technologies that laid the foundations for what we know as e-commerce. Electronic Business (e-business) is the broadest concept used in this paper of all the "e-terms."

The e-business concept is based on information that is shared electronically. Either within an organization or with external stakeholders supporting a variety of business processes, since undertakings are very heterogeneous groups with different patterns of activity ranging from engaging in the production of agricultural products to very sophisticated engineering undertakings in the internal and external markets. Such businesses may be small, medium, or big.
E-commerce definition involves resources of strategic importance for enterprises ranging from products offered to processes conducted by electronically driven companies at any capacity/category of enterprise. The idea of e-commerce has strategic importance to the company from the tangible products provided at any capacity/category to process-oriented ones.

E-commerce principles cover many fields, such as local electronic catalogs for vendors to convey their sales to potential buyers. The concept of electronic data interchange (EDI) refers to a specific standard for expressing the structured data representing e-commerce transactions and digital auctions, which is a specific set of mechanisms that help to set prices. Therefore, e-commerce is like online stores that can be used to handle orders and inventory and process transactions, people have the opportunity to purchase items of their choosing such as sports goods, antiques, cars, holiday services, electronic tickets and hotel reservations anywhere in the world. Therefore the goods and services used through e-commerce will vary from raw materials, finished goods and even services provided for certain purposes.

Definitions of e-commerce are limited to e-commerce as a term describing all information that is electronically transmitted and shared electronically within the organization or with external members. Specifically, the purchase, selling or exchange of goods, services and information between the company and any third parties it deals with via information and communication technology. Those third parties are either general companies that can be called business to business, such transactions or interactions usually involve supply chain operations, Such as the process of transferring data collected at the point of sale to the wholesaler or even directly to the manufacturer or, for the most part, between undertakings using private networks used by undertakings, which may often consume time due to negotiations between two parties. An example where importers of raw materials such as newsprint pay to Finnish or Gulf newspaper manufacturers by opening a letter of credit (LC) then submit payment electronically to bankers and when the cargo arrives at the port. Payment of import duties and VAT (Value Added Tax) is done using the ASCUDA system where all forms of entry are made electronically, then submitted electronically to the clearing agent, assessment made electronically and final payment made swiftly by importers banker e.g. standard charter, receive, release via their respective container service and port authority without involving any paperwork.

E-commerce may also be between Consumer Businesses (B2C).In business-to-consumer, all business activities servicing customers are carried out with goods and services, where customer, credit and accounting information is distributed, where product information is reflected in the online catalog, customers may visit the link sites that connect them to numbers of merchants and customers start shopping, and the link sites collect commissions for each reference made. For example, when a consumer visits AliBaba.com or Amazon. Com to buy books, Ali baba or Amazon will provide different details of booksellers and the customer can choose the merchant to buy from based on his / her likes, so Ali Baba or Amazon collects commission from the merchant whose books a customer has purchased.

On the other hand, Consumer e-commerce (C2C) involves consumer interaction where a customer sells to another consumer through the purchase of portals like auction portals that promote this type of model. What usually happens is the buyer that has a product register with a different platform and then the interested buyers are connected to the product's seller. Customer to Business (C2B) means the company absorbs the value created by customers. It may be in the background when the user publishes contributory feedback or recommendations relevant to a new product being developed or enhanced. It is generally seen as a reciprocal arrangement of the B2C. Thanks to the mushrooming of different customer-oriented channels, this model has gained fame that consumers are free to connect, question and opinion the companies.

Gradually, e-commerce has developed to have tools that have enhanced users to be able to communicate, buy, sell, and interact in the market place. With the advancement and acceptance of e-commerce, many new business ideas and concerns have emerged, such as the ability of corporations to do their business transactions privately via various private networks available, and small businesses can now pursue their businesses through interaction through web technologies.

E-commerce's environmental effects can be described in terms of first-, second-and third-order effects. Statistics for these effects are sparse, partially because e-commerce and e-business research on the environmental effects is still in its infancy, although it is developing quite rapidly. The positive environmental effects of e-commerce have been largely coincidental until now. Some crucial issues that need to be addressed are First, How do we improve our understanding and management of e-commerce's environmental impacts? And Second Which are the best approaches for developing sustainable e-solutions? Three approaches to designing sustainable e-commerce solutions are discussed, extending the assessment and management of environmental performance to e-commerce operations, utilizing new cooperative methods of innovation management and offering customer choice. Eventually, an overview is given on the demands of future research. The technology itself does not decide sustainability but rather its architecture, use, and regulation.

We already have millions of Internet users worldwide. According to European Commission estimates, by 2003 there will be over 500 million users and a rapid increase in e-commerce turnover, increasing from US$ 500 billion worldwide in 2001 to more than US$ 3 trillion in 2004 (eMarketer 2001).In the business-to-business market, more than three-quarters of all online sales and transactions for the years 2000–2003 are in.

In the business-to-business market, more than three-quarters of all online sales and transactions for the years 2000–2003 are in. With new standards in the field of mobile telecommunications services and mobile devices compliant with the Internet, the number of mobile Internet users worldwide is expected to grow from 16 million in 2001 to approximately 500 million in 2005. Mobile e-commerce is gaining rapidly in importance.

Concepts such as e-business, e-commerce, the internet economy, the digital economy, and the new economy are relatively new. Therefore they do not yet have a popular interpretation. Nevertheless, their use and significance represent the rapid development of Internet usage and emerging information and communication technologies. The definition of a "Web Economy" is focused on three key features: it is based on interactive, intensively interconnected, and global technology.

The word "Internet Economy" emphasizes the networking of economic actors and processes through electronic communication channels, and the associated change in value creation systems, market function frameworks, professional life, and patterns of consumption. As it illustrates the new quality of networking, the following text uses the idea of the "Internet economy" as an all-encompassing notion. The definition of "Web Economy" encompasses both micro and macro viewpoints and covers the entire spectrum of economic transactions.

A payment gateway is an e-commerce application service provider that authorizes e-business, online retailers, bricks and clicks, or conventional brick and mortar payment by credit card. Payment routes consisting of credit card, debit card, online banking transfers, electronic funds transfer are the lifeblood of online business. The world is changing from cash to digital money and so payment gateways are required for sustainable future e-commerce. Enterprises are constantly using social media to advertise their goods and services. Social media refers to websites and computer programs that enable people to use a computer or mobile phone to communicate and share information over the Internet. Social media has played a major role in developing identities and educating clients on different deals.

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